| Leaves |
 |
flat, needle like |
| |
2-3 cm in length |
| |
rounded or notched at tip |
| |
dark shiny green on top, whitish on bottom |
| |
usually appear two-ranked |
|
| Cones |
| |
5-10 cm in length |
| |
oblong-shaped |
| |
dark purple resinous cone with fan-shaped scales with short, pointed bracts |
| |
after maturing in September, cones disintegrate leaving an erect central stock |
|
| Bark |
| |
smooth |
| |
pale grey on young stalks with numerous resin blisters |
| |
somewhat roughened, scaly red-brown on mature trees |
| |
very old trunks have small irregular plates with few or no resin blisters |
|
| General |
| |
most common species in Newfoundland |
| |
grows best on moist well-drained soils in pure or mixed stands |
| |
ranges in height from 15-21 m and 30-50 cm in diameter |
| |
wood is used extensively for pulp and lumber |
| |
favorite Newfoundland Christmas tree |
| |
species has a history of insect attacks from insects
such as the Spruce Budworm,Hemlock Looper, and the Balsam Wooly Aphid |
